TaongaNgā Pūnaha Whakatakotorangae tuku ana i ngā otinga hanganga mō ngā whare putunga. Ka whakanuia te wāhi me te whakapai ake i te whakaritenga. He maha ngā whare e kite anatae atu ki te 60%he nui ake te wāhi rokiroki ki te whakaritea ki ngā whata taonga tuku iho.
- Ka taea e ngā whata papa taraiwa-roto te whakanui ake i te kaha mā te75%.
- Whatanga Papa WhiriwhirimeWhatanga Papa Roimataāwhina ki te whakahaere i te urunga atu ki ngā taonga.
Ka whakanui ake ngā pūnaha whatanga i te whai huatanga me te haumaru.
Ngā Whakaaro Matua
- Ka taea e ngā pūnaha whatanga taonga te whakanui ake i te kaha rokiroki tae atu ki te 75%, te whakanui ake i te wāhi me te whakapai ake i te whakaritenga o ngā whare putunga.
- Ko te whiriwhiri i te pūnaha whatanga tika e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā āhuatanga pēnei i ngā āhuatanga o ngā rawa, te tahua, me te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga haumaru, kia pai ai te whakahaere.
- He mea nui ngā tirotiro auau me te piri ki ngā paerewa haumaru hei ārai i ngā aituā me te pupuri i te taiao mahi haumaru.
Ngā Momo Pūnaha Whakatakotoranga Taonga
Whatanga Papa Whiriwhiri
Ko te whatanga papa whiriwhiri te otinga tino noa i roto i ngā Pūnaha Whatanga Taonga. Mā tēnei pūnaha ka taea te uru tika ki ia papa, e tautoko ana i te whakahaere taonga me te hurihanga whai hua. Ka whai hua ngā whare i te ngāwari o te whakahaere me te whai hua o te utu. Heoi, me whānui ake ngā ara mō ngā whatanga whiriwhiri, ka taea ai te whakaiti i te kiato rokiroki katoa.
Tohutohu:He pai rawa te mahi a te whatanga papa whiriwhiri mō ngā whare putunga e hiahia anaurunga tereme te hurihuri pinepine o ngā taonga.
| Ngā Painga | Ngā ngoikoretanga |
|---|---|
| Te urunga tere | Te iti o te whakamahinga o te wāhi |
| Ngāwari o te whakahaere | Ngā ngoikoretanga hanganga |
| Te whai huatanga o te utu | Me whānui ake ngā ara |
Whatanga Taraiwa-ki-roto me te Taraiwa-ā-roto
Whatanga taraiwa-roto me te whatanga taraiwa-mā rotowhakanuia te kiato rokirokimā te whakakore i ngā ara pūmau. Ka taea e ngā forklift te tomo ki te hanganga whatanga, ā, he pai ēnei pūnaha mō te rokiroki kiato nui i roto i ngā wāhi iti. Ka tukuna e te whatanga taraiwa-roto he urunga rua, e whakanui ana i te ngāwari me te āheinga ki te uta me te tango i te uta i te wā kotahi. Ka whakarei ake tēnei hoahoa i te hua me te whakaiti i ngā utu whakahaere.
Te Whakamuri i te Whatanga
Ko te whatanga pana whakamuri e whakamahi ana i tētahi pūnaha hihiri e utaina ai ngā papa mai i tētahi taha, ka panaia whakamuri kia wātea ai he wāhi mō ngā papa hou. He pai tēnei pūnaha mō ngā taonga papa kua whakawhitia ki te whakawhiti waenga, ngā hua kaihoko tere te neke, me ngā taonga e whakahaerehia ana me te tikanga LIFO. He maha ngā wā ka whiriwhiria tēnei kōwhiringa e ngā whare putunga he iti noa ngā SKU me ngā papa maha mō ia SKU.
Whatanga Rere Papa
Ka whakamahia e te whatanga rere papa ngā rēra e peia ana e te kaha ā-papa hei neke i ngā papa mai i muri ki mua. Ka tautokohia e tēnei hoahoa teTuatahi-Tomo, Tuatahi-Puta (FIFO)te mātāpono, e āwhina ana ki te whakaiti i te para me te pirau. Ka whakapai ake te pūnaha i te whakamahinga o te wāhi me te whakaiti i te wā whakahaere, ka waiho hei whiringa kaha mō ngā whare e hiahia ana ki te hurihanga taonga whai hua.
Whakatakotoranga Cantilever
Ka whakaratohia e te whatanga cantileverte rokiroki whai hua mō ngā taonga roa, nunui rāneiKo ngā ahumahi pēnei i te hanga, te whakangao, me te tohatoha taonga e whakawhirinaki ana ki tēnei pūnaha mō te penapena rakau, kurupae maitai, paipa, me ngā taonga nunui. Ka toro atu ngā ringa mai i tētahi hanganga poutū, ka whakanui ake i te wāhi poutū me te tautoko i ngā kawenga taumaha.
Whatanga Waea
Ka whakairihia ngā whatanga e ngā pūnaha whatanga neke ki runga i ngā turanga nekeneke. Mā te whakakore i ngā ara pūmau, ka nui ake te aro o ēnei pūnaha ki tewhakanuia te kiato rokirokiKa taea e ngā whare te whakamahi i ia inihi o te wāhi, ka whakaitihia ngā wā mahi me ngā utu hiko. Ka whakarei ake hoki te whatanga pūkoro i te haumarutanga hua, ā, ka whakaitihia hoki te rahi o ngā mita tapawha o te whare.
Whatanga Taumata-maha
Ka whakapai ake ngā pūnaha whatanga maha-taumata i te wāhi poutū i roto i ngā whare putunga he teitei ngā tuanui. Ka taea e ēnei pūnaha tete kaha rokiroki takirua, takitoru rāneimā te huri i te wāhi o runga kāore i whakamahia hei wāhi rokiroki mahi. Mā te whatanga maha-taumata ka āwhina i ngā pakihi ki te whakanui ake i ā rātou taonga. Ngā Pūnaha Whatanga me te kore e whakawhānui ake i ō rātou tapuwae whare putunga.
Ngā Painga o ngā Pūnaha Whakatakotoranga Taonga
Te Whakanui i te Wāhi Rokiroki
Mā ngā Pūnaha Whakatakotoranga Taonga ka āwhina i ngā whare ki te whakamahi i ia inihi o te wāhi e wātea ana. Ka taea e ngā pūnaha whakataka taraiwa-roto tewhakanui ake i te kaha rokiroki tae atu ki te 75%ki te whakaritea ki ngā tikanga tuku iho. Ko te rokiroki poutū, ngā wāhanga whakarite, me ngā anga roimata ka whai wāhi katoa ki te kiato rokiroki teitei ake. Ka taea e ngā whare te whakaneke rua, te whakaneke toru rānei i te rahinga rokiroki mā te whakamahi i te wāhi hau me te whakarerekē i ngā whata ki ngā hiahia hurihuri.
| Āhuatanga Hoahoa | Te takoha ki te wāhi rokiroki |
|---|---|
| Rokiroki Poutū | Ruarua, takitoru rānei te rahinga rokirokimā te whakamahi i te wāhi hau. |
| Ngā Wāhanga Whakaritenga | Ka urutau ki ngā hiahia rokiroki e huri haere ana kia pai ai te whakamahinga. |
| Ngā Anga Taka Roimata | Ka whakapai ake i te haumaru me te pumau o te hanganga. |
| Ngā Kurupae Hipanga | He māmā ake te uru atu me te whakarite i ngā papa. |
| Papa Mata Waea | Ka tautoko, ka āta kitea hoki ngā taonga kua rongoatia. |
| Ngā Tiaki Whatanga | Ka whakanui ake i te haumaru me te roa o te ora o te pūnaha whatanga. |
Te Whakapai Ake i te Whakahaere me te Wātea
Mā te hoahoa pai o ngā whatanga ka noho rite tonu ngā hua, ka ngāwari hoki te toro atu. Ka taea e ngā kaimahi te kimi tere i ngā taonga, ka tere ake te tukanga kohi ota, ka whakaiti hoki i te wā kore mahi. Mā te whakatakotoranga kua whakaritea ka tautoko i ngā mahi maeneene me te tiki wawe i ngā taonga.
| Painga | Pānga ki te Tere o te Whakatutukitanga o te Ota |
|---|---|
| Te urunga ngāwari ki ngā taonga kua rongoatia | Whakahohete tiki tere, ka whakaiti i te wā e pau ana ki te kohi. |
| Te whakaiti i te wā kore mahi | Ka whakanui ake i te whai huatanga o te mahi, ka tere ake te tukatuka. |
| Ngā tahora kua whakaritea | Ka tautoko i ngā mahi maeneene me te kohikohinga o ngā rawa i te wā tika. |
Mā te pūnaha whatanga kua whakaritea paitia ka tere ake te tukatuka ota me te nui ake o te makona o te kiritaki.
Te Whakapai Ake i te Whakahaere Taonga
He maha ngā wā ka whakauruhia ngā pūnaha whatanga houngā hangarau matatauKa whakapai ake ngā Pūnaha Whakahaere Whare Putunga (WMS), ngā pūnaha rokiroki me te tiki aunoa, me ngā pūoko IoT i te aroturuki me te whakahaere. Ka whakaratohia e ēnei taputapu te tirohanga wā-tūturu ki ngā taonga, ka whakaiti i ngā hapa, ā, ka tautoko i ngā mahi tere.
| Hangarau | Whakaahuatanga |
|---|---|
| Pūmanawa Matatau | Te tirohanga ā-wā tonu ki te tauwāhi me te rahinga o ngā taonga. |
| Ngā Pūnaha Whakahaere Whare Putunga (WMS) | Ka arotau i ngā mahi whare putunga, tae atu ki te aroturuki i ngā rawa. |
| Ngā Pūnaha Rokiroki me te Whakahoki Aunoa (AS/RS) | Ka whakanui ake te mahi karetao i te whai huatanga me te matotoru o te rokiroki. |
| Ngā Pūoko IoT | Aroturukihia ngā āhuatanga o te taiao hei whakaiti i ngā mōrearea o te pirau me te pakaru. |
Te Tautoko i te Haumaru me te Whakatutukitanga
Ko te haumaru te kaupapa matua i roto i ngā whare putunga katoa. He mea whakahau te tutuki i ngā paerewa OSHA mō ngā pūnaha whatanga katoa i te Hononga o Amerika. Mēnā kāore e tutuki, ka hua ake pea hengā whiu mai i te $5,000 ki te $161,000Mā te tāuta tika i ngā whata, ngā tirotiro auau, me te whakamahi i ngā parenga whata ka āwhina i te ārai i ngā aituā me te whakarite i tētahi taiao mahi haumaru.
| Paerewa | Whakaahuatanga |
|---|---|
| 1926.250 | Me pupuri kia pumau hei karo i ngā tūponotanga me ngā hinganga. |
| Wāhanga Mahi Whānui a te OSHA | E whakahau ana i tētahi wāhi mahi kia kore he tūponotanga e mōhiotia ana. |
Ko ngā whare e whai ana i ngā paerewa haumaru ka tiaki i ngā kaimahi, ka karo hoki i ngā whiu utu nui.
Te Kōwhiri me te Whakamahi i ngā Pūnaha Whakatakotoranga Taonga Tika
Te Aromatawai i ō Hiahia Taonga
He rerekē ngā whakaritenga o ia whare putunga. Me arotake e ngā kaiwhakahaere ētahi āhuatanga i mua i te whiriwhiri i tētahi pūnaha whatanga.Kei te ripanga e whai ake nei ngā whakaaro nui rawa atu:
| Tauwehenga | Whakaahuatanga |
|---|---|
| Wāhi Whakamahi | Whakaarohia ngā rahi o te wāhi hei whakapai ake i te tahora me te whakanui rawa i te whakamahinga poutū o te wāhi. |
| Ngā Āhuatanga o te Rārangi Taonga | Aromātaihia te taumaha, ngā ine, te rahi, me te āhua o ngā hua hei whakatau i ngā pūnaha whatanga e tika ana. |
| Ngā Herenga Tahua | Aromatawaihia ngā utu tīmatanga me ngā utu mō te wā roa, tae atu ki te tiaki me ngā utu whirihoranga anō pea. |
| Te Wātea | Me whakarite kia hototahi ki ngā forklift me ngā taputapu whakahaere rauemi kia whai hua ai ngā mahi. |
| Haumaru me te Whakatutukitanga | Te hoahoa mō te haumaru, te whakarite i te pumau me te piri ki ngā ture ā-rohe me ngā paerewa haumaru. |
Me matapae anō hoki ngā kaiwhakahaere i ngā whakaritenga o ngā taonga ā muri ake nei. Ka taea e rātou te whakatutuki i tēnei mā te:
- Te kohikohi i ngā raraunga hoko o mua, ko te tumanako i roto i ngā marama e ono ki ngā tau e rua.
- Te tātari i ngā tono o mua hei matapae i ngā hiahia ā meake nei.
- Te tautuhi i ngā au o ngā wā me ētahi atu āhuatanga awe.
- Te whakariteka whakaarohia e te whakamahere tono ngā wāhi whakatutuki me ngā wāhi tuku.
Mā te matapae tika ka ārai i te nui rawa o ngā taonga, i te kore rānei o ngā taonga. Mā ngā raraunga ma, wā tika, me te whakarite ka pai ake te whakatau kaupapa. Mā te aroturuki i ngā taonga i te wā tūturu ka taea te whakarerekē tere i runga i ngā au o nāianei.
Ngā Take Matua i roto i te Kōwhiringa Pūnaha
Ko te whiriwhiri i te pūnaha whatanga tika ehara i te aromatawai noa i te wāhi.He maha ngā wā ka whai whakaaro ngā pokapū tohatoha nui ki ngā paearu e whai ake nei:
- Rere o te Hua me te Rauemi
- Tahora Whare Putunga
- Ngā Āhuatanga o te Papa (Taumaha me ngā Inenga)
- Tahua
- Haumaru
- Te Wātea
- Ngā momo mahi
He mea nui anō hoki te utu, te pakari, me te āheinga ki te whakawhanui. Hei tauira:
- He otinga utu-whai hua te whiriwhiri whatanga mō ngā pakihi he iti te tahua.
- Ka taea e ngā whata papa kua whakamahia te penapena moni me te kore e whakaiti i te rahinga rokiroki, te urunga atu rānei.
- He mea tino nui te pakari mō te rokiroki i ngā taonga taumaha, mō te mahi rānei i ngā taiao e nui ana te haere o te tangata.
Me noho te pakari hei āhuatanga matua mō te penapena i ngā taonga taumaha.I ngā whare putunga e nui ana te tangata e haere ana, me tu tonu ngā pūnaha whatanga ki te whakamahinga nui. Kāore e pai te whakaaro ko ngā otinga utu iti te utu mena he māmā noa iho te pakaru.
Me whakataurite e ngā kaiwhakahaere te pūnaha whatanga ki ngā āhuatanga o ā rātou taonga me te whakatakotoranga ā-tinana o te whare putunga. He mea nui tonu te wātea mō ngā mahi tere me te whai hua.
Ngā Tikanga Pai mō te Tāutanga me te Haumaru
Mā te tāutanga tika me ngā tikanga haumaru tonu ka tiakina ngā kaimahi me ngā taonga. Ko ngā mahi e taunakitia ana ko:
- Me whakarite kia tika te tāutanga me te punga o ngā whatanga.
- Kia tutuki ngā herenga kawenga hei ārai i ngā hinganga.
- Whakahaerehia ngā tirotiro auau hei tautuhi i ngā raruraru pea.
- Tāutahia ngā taputapu haumaru pērā i ngā ārai me ngā parepare pou.
Kei te ripanga e whai ake nei ngā paerewa haumaru matua e whakarāpopoto ana:
| Paerewa | Whakaahuatanga |
|---|---|
| OSHA 1910.176(b) | Me whai wāhi ki te rokiroki haumaru hei ārai i te takahanga, i te hinganga rānei. |
| ANSI MH16.1 | E whakamārama ana i ngā kaha kawenga me ngā whakaritenga hoahoa mō ngā pūnaha whatanga. |
| Ngā Aratohu RMI | Ngā tūtohu i ngā tikanga pai mō te tāutanga me te tiaki. |
Ko te auau o te tirotiro ka whakawhirinaki ki te taumata mōrearea o te whare putunga:
- Ngā Tirotiro ā-TauHe pai mō ngā whare putunga iti te mōrearea me ngā āhuatanga pumau.
- Ngā Tirotiro ā-HauwhāE taunakitia ana mō ngā whare putunga mōrearea-waenga me ngā kawenga rerekē.
- Ngā Tirotiro ā-MaramaHe mea tika mō ngā taiao mōrearea nui, he nui te waka.
Mā ngā tirotiro auau me te piri ki ngā paerewa haumaru ka whakaiti i te mōrearea o ngā aituā me te whakarite kia tutukihia ngā ture.
Ngā Tohutohu mō te Arotau Tonu
Mā te whakapai tonu ka noho pai, ka noho haumaru hoki ngā Pūnaha Whatanga Rarangi Taonga. Ka taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere te whakamahi i ēnei rautaki e whai ake nei:
- Arotake me te Whakamahi:Tirohia te mahi a te pūnaha i ia wā, ā, whakarerekētia i runga i ngā urupare.
- Aunoatanga:Whakatinanahia ngā pūnaha aunoa hei whakaiti i ngā mahi ā-ringa me te whakapai ake i te tirohanga.
- Te Hangarau Mōhiohio me te Ako Mīhini:Whakamahia ngā hangarau matatau mō te matapae i te tono me te tautuhi i ngā ngoikoretanga.
- Tātari Raraunga:Tātarihia ngā tauira kohi me te nekehanga o ngā taonga hei whakapai ake i te tahora. Hei tauira, mā te whakanoho i ngā taonga e hiahiatia ana kia tata atu ki te wāhi tuku ka taea te whakaiti i ngā wā kohi me te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga.
- Whakahaere Pokapū:Whakamahia he pūmanawa hei whakahaere i ngā rawa puta noa i ngā wāhi maha.
- Te Whakamahere Āhuatanga:Kia rite mō ngā whakararuraru o te mekameka tuku taonga mā te whakamahi i ngā tātaritanga matapae me ngā tukanga ngāwari.
E ai ki a Don White, te Kaiwhakahaere Matua o te Hangarau Otinga mō Da Vinci: 'Mēnā ka taea e au te kite i te roa o tana hikoi i waenga i ngā wāhi, hei tauira, ka taea e au te whakarerekē i te whakatakotoranga o ngā taonga hei whakaiti i taua wā hikoi.'Ki te penapena au i te 2 meneti ki te whiriwhiri i ngā ota 20 i roto i tētahi mahi, mēnā e 10 ngā tāngata e kōwhiri ana i te 500 ota i te rā, ā, e rua meneti te roa o taku penapena i a rātou mō ia 20 ota, ā, e mahi ana ahau i tēnā mō ngā rā 365 o te tau, ināianei kāore au e hiahia ki te tokomaha o ngā tāngata hei kōwhiri.
E ai ki tētahi rangahau a te Warehousing Education and Research Council (WERC), ko ngā whare putunga e whakamahi ana i ngā tātaritanga raraunga mō te arotau tahora ka piki ake te pai o te kohi taonga mā te 25%.
Tohutohu: Arotakehia i ia wā te mahi a te pūnaha whatanga, me te whakamahi i te hangarau hei pupuri i te painga whakataetae.
Ka tutuki i ngā kaiwhakahaere whare putunga te angitu mō te wā roa mā te whiriwhiri i te pūnaha whatanga tika me te aroturuki i ngā inenga matua pēnei i tete hurihanga o ngā rawa me te whakamahinga o te wāhiMā ngā aromatawai auau ka pai ake te haumaru, te whai huatanga, me te wairua o ngā kaimahi.
| Painga | Whakaahuatanga |
|---|---|
| Haumaru Whakapai Ake | Ka whakaitihia e ngā whatanga hou ngā mōrearea, ā, ka tautokona hoki te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga. |
| Te Whakarei Ake i te Whai Hua | Ka whakangāwari ake ngā mahi a ngā whakapainga, ā, ka tautoko i te tipu o te pakihi. |
| Ngā Penapena Utu | Ka whakaitihia ngā whakapaunga mahi me ngā whakapaunga whakahaere e te whakahaere pai ake. |
Ka kite ngā kamupene e haumi ana ki te arotau tonu i ngā hua o te mana whakahaere, te tika, me te hua.
Ngā Pātai Auau
Ko tēhea pūnaha whatanga pai rawa atu mō ngā whare putunga iti?
He pai te whakamahi i ngā whatanga papa whiriwhiri mō ngā whare putunga iti. He ngāwari te urutau ki ngā hiahia o ngā taonga e rerekē ana.
Kia pēhea te auau o te tirotiro a ngā kaiwhakahaere whare putunga i ngā pūnaha whatanga?
Me tirotirohia e ngā kaiwhakahaere whare putunga ngā pūnaha whatanga i te iti rawa i te kotahi i ia hauwhā. Tērā pea me tirotirohia ia marama ngā whare e nui ana te haere o ngā waka kia pai ai te haumaru.
Ka taea e ngā pūnaha whatanga taonga te tautoko i te aunoatanga?
- Ae, he maha ngā pūnaha whatanga hou e hono ana ki ngā pūnaha rokiroki me te tiki aunoa (AS/RS).
- Ka whakapiki ake te aunoatanga i te whai huatanga, ā, ka whakapai ake hoki i te tika o ngā rarangi taonga.